IntroductionCoriander is an annual herb of the umbel family and is belonged from North Africa to south-western of Asia. Coriander is one of the important medicinal plant that used in the pharmaceutical industry and it mainly cultivated and widely distributed for the fruits. The dried fruits are widely employed as a condiment, especially for flavoring of sauces, meat products and bakery and confectionery items. Also, coriander fruits are as a source of essential oils and fatty oil. Water deficit stress is one of the most important factors limiting the growth and survival of plants in arid and semi-arid regions of the world. Water is a major component of the fresh produce and significantly effects on weight and quality of plants. Also, water deficit may cause significant changes in the yield and composition of essential oils in aromatic and medicine plants. So that, was reported that water deficit increased essential oil percentage in coriander but decreased essential oil yield. Iran with an average annual rainfall of 240 mm is included among arid and semi-arid regions of the world. Of the million hectares of cultivated region, only five millions are under irrigation because of intense water limitations. However, Iran is one of the world’s commercial coriander producers. Coriander has been cultivated for many years in different parts of Iran. Therefore, development of drought-tolerant cultivars with high essential oil yield is important in coriander. This research was conducted in order to evaluate the effect of drought stress on morphological, physiological and phytochemical characteristics of endemic coriander Genotypes.Materials and MethodsF2 generations derived from half-diallel crosses of six endemic coriander Genotypes including Isfahan, Hamedan, Bushehr, Mazandaran, Markazi and Alborz, together with their parents were evaluated in randomized complete block design with three replications in each experiment during growing season of 2016 in the research field of Tarbiat Modares University. Plants were treated with different levels of water treatment: well watered (WW), moderate water stress (MWS) and severe water stress (SWS). Data were collected on fruit yield, oil content and oil yield. GGE biplot statistical method (Genotype effect + Genotype × environment interaction) was used to study stability of Genotypes in the studied environments.Results and DiscussionResults of Combined analysis of variance indicated that the effects of environments, Genotypes and Genotype × environment interaction were significant, suggesting that the Genotypes responded differently in the studied environment conditions. So, there was the possibility of stability analysis. Results of stability analysis using GGE biplot method indicated that the two first and second principal components of the GGE biplot explained 71.9% of the total essential oil yield variation. Based on the hypothetical ideal Genotype biplot, the Genotypes G17 (Mazandaran  Hamadan) and G4 (Alborz   Mazandaran) were better than the other Genotypes across environments for essential oil yield and stability and had the high general adaptation to all environments. Furthermore, the Genotype G18 (Mazandaran   Bushehr) in E2 and E3 environments and Genotype G9 (Markazi   Mazandaran) in E1 environment were superior Genotypes with the high specific adaptation. Comparison of the studied environments showed that the E2 and E3 environments were quite similar in ranking, grouping and assessing stability of the Genotypes, whereas the E1 environment was different from the other environments. Overall, the results showed that all environments had high discriminating ability so that could able to show differences between Genotypes. The moderate stress environment was the nearest environment to ideal environment that had the highest discriminating ability and representativeness.ConclusionGenerally, the results indicated that all environments had high discriminating ability so that could able to show differences between Genotypes. Also, the Genotypes G17 and G4 as stable and drought tolerant Genotype can be considered as donor parent which contains drought tolerance genes and could be used to improve coriander high essential oil yield in drought condition.AcknowledgementsThe authors thank from the Gene bank of the Seed and Plant Improvement Institute of Karaj, Iran for making available plant materials.

Studying the reaction of the different Genotypes under different environmental conditions helps breeders to detect stable and high-yielding Genotypes. In this regard, 11 new sunflower hybrids along with four cultivars (Golsa, Ghasem, Shams, and Farrokh) were evaluated in a randomized complete block design with four replications in four experimental field stations (Karaj, Sari, Kermanshah, and Dezful) during two cropping seasons. GGE biplot statistical method (Genotype effect + Genotype × environment interaction) was used to study the adaptation of Genotypes in the studied environments. Results of combined analysis of variance indicated that the effects of environments, Genotypes, and Genotype × environment interaction were significant, suggesting that the Genotypes responded differently in the studied environment conditions. Results of the GGE biplot method showed that the two first and second principal components of the GGE biplot explained 66.4% of the total seed yield variation. Based on the biplot polygon view, the hybrid RGK15×AGK1221 in Sari and Karaj locations and the hybrid RGK25×AGK330 and Shams cultivar in Dezful location were superior Genotypes with the high specific adaptation. Besides, all environments had high discriminating ability so that could able to show differences between Genotypes. Sari environment was the nearest environment to the ideal environment that had the highest discriminating ability and representativeness.

Stable performance of new improved bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Genotypes in multi-environment trials is important in crop improvement programs. In such trials, Genotype evaluation and mega-environment identification are the most important objectives. The yield stability of 18 bread wheat Genotypes was investigated through Genotype (G) and Genotype × environment (GE) interaction using the GGE biplot technique. Field experiments were conducted in 12 warm rainfed environments in Iran to characterize G × E interactions for grain yield of bread wheat Genotypes. A combined analysis of variance across locations showed that both main effects (environment and Genotype) and GE interactions were highly significant. Principal component analysis was performed, and the first two principal components (PC1 and PC2) explained 45% and 26% of the total sum of squares, respectively, they were used to create GGE biplot diagrams. The polygon tool of the biplot suggested two bread wheat growing environments in warm dryland regions of Iran: a small one (Moghan) and a large one (Gachsaran, Gonbad and Khoramabad). Visualizing the mean and stability parameters of the Genotypes in the biplot indicated that Genotypes HAMAM-4 (G1) and CHEN/AEGILOPS SQUARROSA (TAUS)//BCN/3/VEE#7/4/PASTOR (G4) are adapted to warm rainfed areas of Iran. The vector view of the biplot showed that Gonbad, Khoramabad and Gachsaran were correlated, but had no association with Moghan. Finally, it was concluded that G1 and G4 showed high yield stability across environments and are, therefore, recommended for release in warm rainfed areas of Iran.

Based on principal component analysis (PCA), GGE biplot analysis is an effective method to fully assess multi-environmental yield trials (METs). Additive main effects and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) is an alternative method for assessing phenotypic stability and adaptability. In this research, MET data of 14 maize inbred lines were used to perform AMMI and GGE biplot analyses. These Genotypes were evaluated under diverse climatic conditions in five Iranian locations during two cropping cycles (2007 and 2008). A Genotype (inbred line) by location table was used for performing the analyses. Based on both mean grain yield and yield stability, inbred lines K3615/2, K19/1, K166B and K18 proved to be superior and also had greater mean performance among the test inbred lines. Graphic analysis was used to identify the most suitable inbred lines for each test environment. Inbred lines K3615/2, K19/1, K166B, K18, K3653/2 and K3547/5 were identified as suitable in all locations. The AMMI and GGE biplot graphics revealed three separate groups of environments, i.e., three mega-environments. Group one included three sites, Karaj, Kabootar Abad and Zarghan, while group two included only Islam Abad-e-Gharb and group three only Miandoab. Islam Abad Gharb and Miandoab were more discriminative for Genotypes. The inbred lines that were most responsive to the environment were K3615/2, K166B, K19/1 and K18; the least responsive line was K3547/5.

The objective of this investigation was to evaluate the magnitude of G×E interaction effects on durum wheat grain yield and to identify superior Genotypes adapted to the test environments. Twenty improved durum wheat Genotypes were tested in five locations over three growing seasons. Combined ANOVA indicated that the effect of year (Y) was significant and that of the location (L) was not, but that their interaction (Y×L) was highly significant. The main effect of Genotype was also significant, as was the Genotype×year interaction (G×Y), Genotype×location interaction (GL) was not significant, but three-way interactions (G×Y×L) were highly significant. Clustering of Genotypes based on intercept and slope parameters of the linear regression model produced three distinct groups, while using only line slopes for clustering produced no groups at all. The coefficient of determination of the linear regression model ranged from 0.84 (G10) to 0.98 (G2), therefore, it can be concluded that this clustering method was somewhat useful for this data set. According to the dendrogram of clustering based on G and G×E interaction of ANOVA, there were 15 genotypic groups, while according to the dendrogram of clustering based on G×E interaction of ANOVA, there were 12 genotypic groups. Considering all clustering methods and mean grain yield, Genotypes G8 (2590 kg ha-1) and G13 (2592 kg ha-1) were superior and thus can be recommended as candidates for release in warm rainfed areas of Iran.

Faba bean (Vicia faba L.) is a grain legume that grown for its high protein seeds, which is using as human food and animal feeding. Genetic variability of the traits is important in breeding programes, so that selection gain depends on the existence of genetic variability of traits. Therefore, an investigation was carried out to select the most successful faba bean Genotype (s) and to assess the genetic diversity related to the morphological and agronomical traits in some of faba bean Genotypes at two locations in Guilan and Lorestan provinces. Results of combined analysis of variance revealed that Genotype ×environment interaction effects were significant for all of the studied traits, thus evaluation of the Genotypes carried out separately in two environments. Results of analysis of variance indicated that the studied Genotypes differed significantly for all of the traits at two environments. Orthogonal contrast indicated that large seed and small seed Genotypes were significantly differed for all traits and the eight Genotypes were classified in two groups. Two Genotypes including the landraces from north of Iran and breeding variety (Barrakat) had the highest yield at Guilan and landraces from Khoramabad produced the highest yield at Lorestan. Results of present study showed that the small seed Genotypes from west of Iran and large seed Genotypes from north of Iran could be used as parents to obtained transgressive segregation for most of traits.

The GGE (Genotype main effect, G and Genotype by environment interaction, GEI) biplot graphical tool was applied to analyze multi-environment trials (MET) data. In this study, eight improved and local rice Genotypes including two rice cultivars as check were evaluated with the objective of selecting stable and high-yielding varieties by GGE biplot analysis. According to which-won-where pattern of GGE biplot the vertex Genotypes were BC25, BC4, RI18446-13, Hassani, Abjiboji and RI18435-13. These Genotypes were the best or the poorest Genotypes in some or all of the test environments since they had the longest distance from the origin of the biplot. The performance of Genotypes BC9, BC25, RI18436-46 and Saleh were highly stable and had the highest grain yield, while Genotype BC4 was high yielding with intermediate stability. In addition, performance of Genotype RI18446-13 was lowly stable with the high grain yield and Genotype RI18435-13 was poor based on both stability and yield. But the performance of Genotype Hassani was intermediate stable with low grain yield, while Genotypes Abjiboji and RI18430-74 were highly stable with low yielding.Totally, the results of this research showed that BC4 line (derived from a backcross between Abjiboji cultivar as recurrent parent and Saleh cultivar as donor parent) with high grain yield (5.0-5.5 t.ha-1), suitable maturity time (110-115 days), intermediate amylose content (20-21 %) and desirable plant height (105-110 cm) was the superior Genotype of this experiment which is recommended to cultivate in environmental conditions of the north provinces of Iran.

IntroductionWheat bread is one of the most important food products in the world. In terms of area under cultivation and production it ranks second among different products. Therefore, Genetic advances in sustainable wheat production can play a large role in global food security. The average wheat production in the world is reported Nearly 3.425 and its average production in Iran is 2.164 tons per hectare. Given the importance of wheat, Production of this product should be increased by cultivating modified Genotypes with high grain yield. Wheat grain yield is affected by environmental conditions, genetic potential and its interaction. Identifying Genotypes that have good performance and stability in different environmental conditions seems to be complex due to the strong interaction of Genotype and environment. The change that occurs in the relative performance of Genotypes in different environments is called Genotype × environment interaction.Genotype × environment interaction is one of the most important issues in plant breeding which is of great importance in introducing and releasing modified varieties. Cultivation of Genotypes in test environments during different years and places it has determined the stability of performance. And Genotypes with less Genotype × environment interaction are selected. Usually in breeding programs, Genotypes are known as compatible that the variance of their interaction with the environment is small. Among the multivariate methods, GGE biplot method is one of the most important methods for investigating the interaction of Genotype × environment and determining stable Genotypes.Water scarcity is the most essential limiting element of agricultural production, particulary in arid and semi-arid areas throughout the world. Evaluation of the bread wheat Genotypes under different environmental conditions would be useful to identify stable and high yield potential Genotypes.Materials and methods15 new bread wheat lines along with Aftab cultivar were evaluated in a randomized complete block design with three replications in four experimental field stations (Gachsaran Khoramabad, Moghan and Gonbad) during three crop seasons (2017-2020). GGE biplot statistical method (Genotype effect + Genotype × environment interaction) was used to study stability of Genotypes in the studied environments.Results and discussionResults of combined analysis of variance indicated that the effects of environments, Genotypes and Genotype × environment interaction were significant. The results indicated that 91.49, 1.54 and 5.03 percent of total variation were related to the environment, Genotype and Genotype × environment interaction effects, respectively. The polygon-view of GGE biplot recognized five superior Genotypes and four mega-environments so that the best Genotypes within each environment were determined. Based on the hypothetical ideal Genotype biplot, the line G7 with 3818 Kg ha-1 grain yield was the better Genotype than other Genotypes. Also this Genotype showed the most stability and had the high general adaptation to all environments. Biplot of correlation among environments revealed that environmental vectors of Gachsaran and Gonbad were near to 90◦ so, these locations were different environments. The results showed that all environments had high discriminating ability so that could able to show differences between Genotypes.ConclusionGenerally, the results indicated that the line G7 with suitable mean seed yield and high broad adaptability was selected as superior line for further investigation to introduce the new commercial wheat cultivar under dryland conditions. Also, the Moghan environment was the nearest environment to ideal environment that had the highest discriminating ability and representativeness.

To assess adaptability and stability of seed cotton yield in promising cotton Genotypes, eight cultivars of cotton (Gukorova, Nazeli–84, Khordad, No: 200, Crema, Tabladila, Beli Izovar and Sepid), along with two controls (Sahel and Varamin), were studied in a completely randomized block design (RCBD) with four replications in six regions of Golestan and Mazandaran provinces in two successive years (2005 & 2006). Combined analysis of variance was done and means comparison of yield was conducted based on Duncan's multiple range test. Sepid, Beli Izovar, Varamin and Khordad varieties were superior for yield, earliness, boll weight and boll number, respectively. The result of combined variance analysis showed that, there are significant differences between Genotypes and Genotype × environment (G.E) interaction effect. Because of significant G.E interaction effect univariete stability parametric and non-parametric stability methods were used to determine Genotype stability. The results of varied methods were different. The 43200 and Sepid cotton cultivars had a specific adaptation and were suitable cultivar for fertile lands in north of country, because of good reaction to production high yield. In contrast, Sahel cultivar with lowest yield had broad stability with non-fertile regions. Overall, three Genotypes (Khordad, Tabladila and Gukorova) were determined with suitable stability and moderate yield (general stability) for most locations in north of country.